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WHAT IS LOGICAL REASONING?
LOGICAL REASONING is the ability to analyze information and draw conclusions based only on the given facts or statements—not on your opinions, background knowledge, or assumptions.
In logical reasoning tests, you are presented with a set of premises (statements) and a conclusion.
Your task is to decide whether the conclusion is:
Definitely True
Most Likely True
Most Likely False
Definitely False
In answering this type of test, you should remember that all conditions for the conclusions will be mentioned. Any presupposition, prejudice, or previous knowledge on the topic does not help in getting the right answer. Most of the time, it only muddles your thoughts and adds to your confusion.
You must work within the given statements and disregard previous knowledge on the topic.
So... how do you answer these tests? In answering logical reasoning tests, you should take note that statements are NEITHER RIGHT NOR WRONG.
They are there to serve as bases for drawing the conclusions.
Answer DEFINITELY TRUE if:
Answer DEFINITELY TRUE if:
The conclusion is a repetition of one of the statements
The conclusion is a direct conclusion of all the statements
The conclusion rephrases one or more of the given statements
The conclusion rephrases all the given statements
Answer DEFINITELY FALSE if:
Answer DEFINITELY FALSE if:
If the conclusion is a direct contradiction of any or all of the statements
Answer MOST LIKELY TRUE if:
Answer MOST LIKELY TRUE if:
The conclusion is likely to happen, and no statement contradicts it
The conclusion summarizes most, but not all, of the statements, and no given statement contradicts it
The conclusion is someone related to any of the statements, and no given statement contradicts it
The conclusion supports all the statements but is too general
*Ask yourself: “Do the premises provide enough support for the conclusion without needing any additional assumptions?”
If yes, then the conclusion is most likely true.
**You can also ask yourself: “Are there any unstated assumptions or missing pieces that must be true for this conclusion to logically follow?”
If no, then the conclusion is most likely true
Answer MOST LIKELY FALSE if:
Answer MOST LIKELY FALSE if:
The conclusion somehow contradicts a given statement but supports one or more of the remaining statements
The conclusion is an argument against the subject, without any supporting statement
The conclusion is too broad
*Ask yourself: “Is the conclusion relying on assumptions or missing key information that the premises don’t provide?”
If yes, then the conclusion is most likely false
The conclusion does not follow (non-sequitur)
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